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Typical mill additions to enamels and their function

Mill addition Function
Aerosil Set-up
Aluminium oxide Matting agent and to increase heat resistance of ground coat
Aluminium hydroxide Equivalent to aluminium oxide
Aluminium powder Increase heat resistance in ground coat
Antimony trioxide Increase adherence of ground coat
Barium chloride Set-up in cover coat
Barium carbonate Set-up in cover coat
Bentonite Set-up
Borax Set-up in ground coat
Boric acid Set-up
Cadmium oxide Stabilize Cd-Se red enamels
Clay Provide bubble structure
Cupric chloride Self lustre enamel 1118
EK-1000 For continuous clean enamel
Feldspar For ground coat
Gumst Increase filmstrength
Magnesium chloride Set-up cover coat
Magnesium nitrate to increase suspension and to prevent fishscales
Opacifier UV Opacifier
Potash Set-up
Potassium choride Set-up cover coat
Potassium nitrate Oxidizing agent for aluminium enamels
Quartz to increase firing range and matting agent
Silicic acid Set-up
Silver sand For heat resistant ground coat
Soda ash Set-up in ground coat
Sodium aluminate Set-up in cover coat
Sodium nitrite Set-up in ground coat
Sodium pyrophosphate To decrease set-up
Sodium silico fluoride Set-up cover coat
Tinoxide Opacifier
Titanium dioxide Opacifier
Trisodium phosphate To prevent rusting in cast iron ground coat
Urea To prevent hairlines in cover coat
Zirconite Opacifier
Zircon oxide Opacifier
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Wet enamel preparation & milling

Prior to the actual application, porcelain enamel slip need to be prepared in accordance with the application requirements, such as fineness, set and specific gravity.

The traditional wet enamel preparation process (“milling”) consists of the following seven sequential steps :

  1. weighting of various frits & additions in accordance with the milling formulation
  2. loading ball mills
  3. adding water
  4. wet milling
  5. discharging ball mills
  6. sieving & magnetic screening of slip
  7. storage

Continue reading “Wet enamel preparation & milling”