Copperheads are reddish brown spots, which may vary in size from almost invisible to 3.2 mm.
Lumps
Lumps are common enamel defects, which are characterised by rounded raised areas with typically a diameter between 3 to 12 mm.
Scaling
Scaling is a common enameling defect, which is caused by contamination with materials with a higher melting temperature than enamel.
Identification of enameling defects
Identifying the correct type of enamel defect is the first & perhaps most important step when troubleshooting industrial enameling processes. Analyzing enameling defects with digital...
Blisters
Blisters are a common enamel defect, which is characterized by appearance of circular holes & bubbles in a cooled enameled surface.
Fishscaling of porcelain/vitreous enamel coatings
Fishscaling is an enameling defect, which is characterized by small enamel particles chipping off.
UNI 11734 : Determining fish-scale susceptibility of enameling steel
The Italian National Unification institute has published UNI 11734 as of December 6, 2018. This standard specifies a method for measuring the hydrogen diffusion coefficient in order...
Enameling cost reduction
Porcelain (vitreous) enameling is a relative complex coating process with many steps & dito variables. This complexity makes it very well suited for continuous improvement...
Troubleshooting enameling defects
Resolving enameling defects during an industrial manufacturing process requires a structured three steps approach. Step IIdentify the right defect.This may sound silly, but it is...